2026 Complete Guide

Prevailing Wage Guide — Everything You Need to Know

Federal Davis-Bacon, state laws, wage determinations, fringe benefits, compliance rules — all in one place.

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What is prevailing wage?

Prevailing wage is the minimum hourly wage (base rate + fringes) you have to pay workers on government-funded construction. Rates are set per craft, per locality, and per project type based on what comparable construction workers already earn in that area.

The idea is simple: taxpayer money shouldn't undercut local construction wages. If an electrician in Alameda County typically earns $95/hour (base + fringe), then a contractor on a federally funded job in Alameda County has to pay at least $95/hour to electricians doing the same work.

Prevailing wage laws exist at the federal level (Davis-Bacon Act), the state level (about 30 states), and sometimes at the local level (cities like NYC, San Francisco, Chicago). Projects can catch multiple overlapping requirements at once.

Quick formula

Prevailing Wage = Base Hourly Rate + Fringe Benefits

Example: Carpenter in Cook County, IL → $46.80 base + $32.15 fringe = $78.95 total prevailing wage

The Davis-Bacon Act (federal)

Passed in 1931, the Davis-Bacon Act is the federal prevailing wage law. It requires contractors and subs on federal or federally assisted construction over $2,000 to pay the local prevailing wage set by the DOL.

Core requirements

  • • $2,000 contract threshold
  • • Applies to federal + federally assisted
  • • Pay DOL-published prevailing wage
  • • Submit weekly WH-347 certified payroll
  • • Post wages at the jobsite
  • • Maintain records 3 years

Davis-Bacon Related Acts

60+ federal programs extend Davis-Bacon to:

  • • Federal-aid highways (FHWA)
  • • HUD-funded housing
  • • EPA water/sewer projects
  • • Airport construction (AIP)
  • • Transit (FTA) projects
  • • Many others

State prevailing wage laws

About 30 states plus DC have their own prevailing wage laws for state-funded public works. These laws are separate from federal Davis-Bacon and often have different thresholds, different reporting cadences, and different enforcement.

States with prevailing wage laws:

Alaska
California
Connecticut
Delaware
Hawaii
Illinois
Indiana
Kentucky
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
Ohio
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
Tennessee
Texas
Vermont
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming

How to look up prevailing wage rates

Before you bid or start work, you need to identify the right wage determination. Here's how.

1

Identify jurisdiction

Federal Davis-Bacon? State prevailing wage? Local? Check your contract docs — the awarding agency spells it out.

2

Determine construction type

Davis-Bacon has four types: Building, Residential, Heavy, Highway. Each gets its own wage schedule.

3

Identify project location (county/city)

Rates are set by area. Some states go county-by-county, others by region. NYC has its own schedule.

4

Pull the wage determination

Federal: SAM.gov. California: DIR. Illinois: IDOL. New York: NYSDOL or NYC Comptroller.

5

Lock in the rate for your project

Rates lock in at contract award (federal) or monthly/annually depending on the state. Don't use an outdated schedule.

Prevailing wage compliance checklist

Run through this before and during any prevailing-wage project.

Identify whether the project is federal, state, local, or multi-jurisdictional
Pull the applicable wage determination(s) from SAM.gov or state source
Verify the wage determination is in effect at time of contract award
Classify workers based on actual work performed, not job title
Pay the base rate + fringe benefits for each classification
Track hours by classification each day (apportion if multi-craft)
Pay overtime at 1.5x base hourly rate (not on fringes) for hours over 40/week
Submit weekly (federal/CA/NY) or monthly (IL) certified payroll
Sign a Statement of Compliance with every payroll submission
Post the wage determination at the jobsite in a visible location
Maintain payroll records for at least 3 years (6 years in NY)
Vet subcontractors' certified payroll submissions before forwarding

Common prevailing wage violations

The most frequently cited violations in DOL and state audits.

Misclassification

Paying a lower-rate classification (laborer) for work that should get a higher rate (carpenter or electrician).

Underpaying fringes

Paying only the base hourly rate and skipping the fringe part entirely.

Wrong wage determination

Using an outdated determination, the wrong county, or the wrong construction type.

Overtime math errors

Calculating OT at 1.5x the total rate (including fringes) instead of 1.5x the base rate.

Kickbacks

Requiring workers to return part of their wages after payment — directly or indirectly.

Falsified certified payroll

Submitting reports that don't match what workers actually got paid. That's a federal crime.

Prevailing Wage FAQ

What is prevailing wage?

It's the minimum hourly wage — base pay plus fringes — you have to pay construction workers on government-funded projects. Rates are set by craft, locality, and project type based on what comparable workers already earn in that area. The whole point is to keep government contracts from dragging down local construction wages.

What is the Davis-Bacon Act?

Davis-Bacon is the 1931 federal law requiring contractors and subs on federal or federally assisted construction over $2,000 to pay the local prevailing wage. Over 60 'Davis-Bacon Related Acts' extend it to other federal programs — highways, housing, water infrastructure, etc.

Who sets prevailing wage rates?

Federal rates are set by the DOL Wage and Hour Division (WHD). They survey contractors and publish 'wage determinations' at SAM.gov. State rates are set by state labor departments (California DIR, Illinois IDOL, New York NYSDOL, etc.). Some rates come from collective bargaining agreements, some from area surveys.

How do I look up the prevailing wage for my project?

Federal Davis-Bacon? Look it up at SAM.gov using project location (state/county) and construction type (building, residential, heavy, highway). State projects? Check your state labor department's wage rate publication. Our free wage lookup searches SAM.gov instantly.

What is included in the prevailing wage rate?

Prevailing wage = basic hourly rate + fringe benefits. A carpenter in a particular county might have a $38.50/hr base and $22.75/hr fringes, so $61.25/hr total prevailing wage. Fringes can be cash to the worker OR contributions to bona fide benefit plans (health, pension, training, vacation).

Does prevailing wage apply to private construction?

Mostly no. Prevailing wage applies to government-funded construction — federal, state, or local public works. But some states stretch it to cover projects with public subsidies (tax credits, bond financing, etc.). Always check whether your project touches federal, state, or local funding.

What states have prevailing wage laws?

About 30 states plus DC have state prevailing wage laws on top of federal Davis-Bacon. California, New York, Illinois, Washington, Oregon, New Jersey, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, Nevada, Hawaii, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and others. The rest (mostly in the South) rely only on federal Davis-Bacon where it applies.

What are the consequences of violating prevailing wage laws?

Back wages owed to underpaid workers, liquidated damages, civil money penalties, held contract payments, debarment from future government contracts (up to 3 years federal, longer in some states), and criminal prosecution for willful fraud. DOL and state agencies audit contractors hard.

How do I stay compliant with prevailing wage requirements?

The key steps: (1) identify the right wage determination for your project, (2) classify workers by the work they actually do, (3) pay at least the prevailing rate (base + fringe), (4) track hours and wages by classification, (5) submit weekly certified payroll (WH-347 or state equivalent), (6) post wage rates at the jobsite, (7) keep records at least 3 years. Certified payroll software automates most of it.

Can fringes be paid as cash?

Yes. You can pay fringes either (a) as cash wages to the worker, or (b) as contributions to bona fide benefit plans (health insurance, pension, training fund, vacation fund). Most contractors do a mix — some fringe to cash, some to plans. The certified payroll report has to show how you paid it.

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Prevailing Wage Requirements — Complete Guide 2026 | CertifiedPayrollPro | CertifiedPayrollPro